16-04-2021

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Dynamic Volume Provisioning
Static Volume Provisioning

Volume Provisioning

There are two types of volume provisioning in a Kubernetes cluster:

Dynamic Volume Provisioning
Static Volume Provisioning

Dynamic Volume Provisioning

Dynamic volume provisioning allows storage volumes to be created on-demand.

Without dynamic provisioning, cluster administrators have to manually make calls to their cloud or storage provider tocreate new storage volumes and then create PersistentVolume objects to represent them in Kubernetes.

The dynamic provisioning feature eliminates the need for cluster administrators to pre-provision storage. Instead, itautomatically provisions storage when it is requested by users.

The implementation of dynamic volume provisioning is based on the API object StorageClass from the API group storage.k8s.ioA cluster administrator can define as many StorageClass objects as needed, each specifying a volume plugin(a.k.a provisioner) that provisions a volume and a set of parameters to that provisioner when provisioning.A cluster administrator can define and expose multiple flavors of storage (from the same or different storage systems)within a cluster, each with a custom set of parameters.

Dynamic Volume Provisioning is supported both in Vanilla Kubernetes clusters and Supervisor clusters.

The details for provisioning volume using topology and use of WaitForFirstConsumer volumeBinding mode with dynamicvolume provisioning is described here

NOTE: The support for Volume topology is present only in Vanilla Kubernetes Block Volume driver today.

Dynamically Provision a Block Volume on Vanilla Kubernetes Cluster

This section describes the step by step instructions to provision a PersistentVolume dynamically on a Vanilla Kubernetes cluster

Define a Storage Class as shown here
Import this StorageClass into Vanilla Kubernetes cluster:
Define a PersistentVolumeClaim request as shown in the spec here
Import this PersistentVolumeClaim into Vanilla Kubernetes cluster:
Verify the PersistentVolumeClaim was created:
Check to see if the PersistentVolumeClaim we just imported was created and has a PersistentVolume attached to it.
The Status section below should show Bound if it worked and the Volume field should be populated.
A PersistentVolume is automatically created and is bound to this PersistentVolumeClaim.
Here, RWO access mode indicates that the volume provisioned is a Block Volume. In the case of File volume, the accessMode will be either ROX or RWX.
Verify a PersistentVolume was created
Next, let's check if a PersistentVolume was successfully created for the PersistentVolumeClaim we defined above.
If it has worked you should have a PersistentVolume show up in the output and you should see that the VolumeHandlekey is populated, as is the case below
The Status should say Bound. You can also see the Claim is set to the above PersistentVolumeClaim name example-vanilla-block-pvc

Dynamically provision a block volume in Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Service

In a Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Service, the StorageClass gets automatically created and is made available to it by theunderlying Supervisor cluster. An example storage class looks like -

User only has to perform the following to dynamically provision a block volume:

Specify the desired StorageClass name in the PersistentVolumeClaim spec
Create a PersistentVolumeClaim in the namespace using the spec mentioned in the previous step
Wait for CNS to create a PersistentVolume
Verify if the status of PersistentVolumeClaim set to Bound

Dynamically provision a block volume in Supervisor Cluster

In the case of Supervisor clusters, StorageClass creation happens automatically when a Storage Policy gets created.Following is an example of a StorageClass generated by one of the default storage policies within the cluster:

The user has to do the following to provision a PersistentVolume:

Create a new storage policy or add an existing storage policy of interest to the current namespace
Specify the StoragePolicy name (which got created by the storage policy) in the PersistentVolumeClaim spec
Create a PersistentVolumeClaim in the namespace using the spec mentioned in the previous step
Wait for CNS to create a PersistentVolume
Verify if the status of PersistentVolumeClaim set to Bound

Comparison of Cluster Flavor and the corresponding Storage Class Parameters

Cluster Flavor	Storage Class Parameters
Vanilla	storagepolicyname, datastoreURL, csi.storage.k8s.io/fstype
Supervisor	storagePolicyID
Tanzu Kubernetes Grid	storagePolicyID

Static Volume Provisioning

If you have an existing persistent storage device in your VC, you can use static provisioning to make the storageinstance available to your cluster.

How does it work

Static provisioning is a feature that is native to Kubernetes and that allows cluster administrators to make existingstorage devices available to a cluster.

As a cluster administrator, you must know the details of the storage device, its supported configurations, and mount options.

To make existing storage available to a cluster user, you must manually create the storage device, a PeristentVolume,and a PersistentVolumeClaim.Because the PV and the storage device already exists, there is no need to specify a storage class name in the PVC spec.There are many ways to create static PV and PVC binding. Example: Label matching, Volume Size matching etc

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NOTE: For Block volumes, vSphere Cloud Native Storage (CNS) only allows one PV in the Kubernetes cluster to refer to a storage disk. Creating multiple PV's using the same Block Volume Handle is not supported.

Use Cases of Static Provisioning

Following are the common use cases for static volume provisioning:

Use an existing storage device: You provisioned a persistent storage(FCD) directly in your VC and want to use this FCD in your cluster.
Make retained data available to the cluster: You provisioned a volume with a reclaimPolicy: retain in the storage class by using dynamic provisioning. You removed the PVC, but the PV, the physical storage in the VC, and the data still exist. You want to access the retained data from an app in your cluster.
Share persistent storage across namespaces in the same cluster: You provisioned a PV in a namespace of your cluster. You want to use the same storage instance for an app pod that is deployed to a different namespace in your cluster.
Share persistent storage across clusters in the same zone: You provisioned a PV for your cluster. To share the same persistent storage instance with other clusters in the same zone, you must manually create the PV and matching PVC in the other cluster.

NOTE:Sharing persistent storage across clusters is available only if the cluster and the storage instance are located inthe same zone.

Statically Provision a Block Volume in Vanilla Kubernetes Cluster

This section describes the step by step instructions to provision a PersistentVolume statically on a Vanilla Kubernetescluster. Make sure to mention pv.kubernetes.io/provisioned-by: csi.vsphere.vmware.com in the PV annotation.

Note: You shouldn't specify the key storage.kubernetes.io/csiProvisionerIdentity in csi.volumeAttributes in PV spec(it indicates dynamically provisioned PVs).

Define a PVC and a PV as shown below
Import this PV and PVC into Vanilla Kubernetes cluster
Verify the PVC creation Check to see if the PVC we just imported was created and the PersistentVolume got attached to it. The Status section below should show Bound if it worked and the Volume field should be populated.
Verify the PV was created Let's check if the PV was successfully attached to the PVC we defined above. If it has worked you should have a PV show up in the output, and you should see that the VolumeHandle key is populated, as is the case below. The Status should say Bound. You can also see the Claim is set to the above PVC name: static-pvc-name

Statically Provision a Block Volume in vSphere with Kubernetes

vSphere 7.0 did not support static volume provisioning in vSphere with Kubernetes aka supervisor cluster. Static volume provisioning is a process where an existing volume on the storage is made available in the Kubernetes cluster. There are use cases where we want to import existing volumes into supervisor cluster.

A new CnsRegisterVolume API is introduced in vSphere 7.0 Update1 release in vSphere with Kubernetes that allows importing an existing CNS volume or First Class Disk (FCD) or vmdk into a supervisor namespace. CnsRegisterVolume API objects are namespaced objects and once created successfully it would create a PVC in that namespace and a PV bound to that PVC.

NOTE: Please note that CnsRegisterVolume API instances cannot be created by normal SV devop users.

Import CNS volume or First Class Disk (FCD) into Supervisor Cluster.
- pvcName is the name of the PVC that will be created in the namespace.
- volumeID is the CNS volume Id or FCD Id that will be imported into the supervisor namespace. CNS volume Id is available on CNS UI.
- accessMode indicates whether its a block or a file volume. Currently only block volume with ReadWriteOnce is supported.
Import VMDK into Supervisor Cluster.
- diskURLPath this field would identify the URL path to an existing disk that will be used to import into supervisor namespace.Format: https://<vc_ip>/folder/<vm_vmdk_path>?dcPath=<datacenterPath>&dsName=<datastoreName>
- accessMode will be defaulted to ReadWriteOnce in this case.

Statically Provision a Block Volume in Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Service

You can statically create a block volume in Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Service (TKGS) using an unused PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) from the Supervisor cluster only if the latter satisfies the following conditions:

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It is present in the same Supervisor cluster namespace where the TKGS was created
Not attached to a Pod in the Supervisor cluster or in any other TKGS

Using static provisioning, a PVC created by one TKGS can also be re-used in another TKGS when the volume is no longer needed in the former one. In order to do so, you need to modify the Reclaim policy of the PV in the old TKGS to Retain and then delete the corresponding PVC. Follow the steps below to statically create a PVC in the new TKGS using the information from the leftover underlying volume.

Steps to create a static PVC in a TKGS are as follows:

Note the name of the PVC in the supervisor cluster. If you are re-using a PVC from an old TKGS, then this value can also be retrieved from the volumeHandle of the old PV object in the TKGS.
Create a PersistentVolume with the storageClassName preferably set to the storage class name of your supervisor cluster PVC and the volumeHandle pointing to the value retrieved in step 1. If you are re-using a volume from another TKGS where it is no more required, delete the PVC and PV object from the old TKGS before creating a PV in the new TKGS.
Create a PVC to match the PV object created above. Also set the storageClassName to the same value as above.
Check if the PVC is bound to the PV we created on step 2.

Static provisioning is complete.

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